初中三大从句总结状语从句精讲中考必考

状语从句是初中英语学习的要害，也是每年中考必考的内容之一。

中考首要考察引导状语从句的连词、从句时态等方面。要害考察时刻状语从句、条件状语从句、成果状语从句和比较状语从句。

接下来咱们就针对这四种从句的考察要害和连词的运用进行体系总结。

今日奇速君首要给咱们预备了时刻状语从句解说，同学们能够保藏起来细心领会学习，也能够转发共享给更多需求的朋友。

状语：状语是语句的重要润饰成分。

状语是谓语里的另一个附加成分,它附加在谓语中心语的前面,从状况,时刻,场所,方法,条件,目标,必定,否定,规模和程度等方面对谓语中心进行润饰或约束。用来说明地址、时刻、原因、意图、成果、条件、方向、程度、方法和随同状况等。

状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担任。其方位一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。

副词是一种用来润饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时刻,地址,程度,方法等概念。

1.副词一般在语句中做状语.

He speaks English very well.

他英语说得非常好.（中的very是程度副词，用来润饰well。very well是润饰speak的程度状语）

He is playing under the tree.

他在树下玩儿.（under the tree是地址状语.）

2. 不定式在语句中能够作意图状语。

I come specially to see you.

我专门来看你.

3.介词短语

Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian.

The boy was praised for his bravery.

4.从句作状语

When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian.

If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you.

5.分词作状语

Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper.

Inhibited in one direction, it now seems that the Mississippi is about to take another.

时刻状语从句

在复合句中，由时刻连接词引导的状语从句叫做时刻状语从句。时刻状语从句一般由when, while, as，after,before,since,until等词引导。

引导时刻状语从句的连词许多，为更于了解，可分为以下三类：

1. 一般连词

如after, as, before, since, till, until, when, while等。

I will tell you after they leave.

他们走我再告知你。

He dropped the glass as he stood up.

他站起来时，把杯子摔了。

I’d better have a think before I decide.

我最好仍是先想想再做决议。

We have known each other since we were children.

咱们从小就知道。

He waited until she was about to leave.

他等着一向到她预备脱离。

Shut the door after you when you go out.

出去时请随手关门。

Stand still while I take your photograph.

我给你摄影时站着不要动。

2. 表明“一……就”的连词

表明“一……就”的时刻连词除as soon as外，还有the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no sooner…than, hardly…when等。

He started as soon as he received the news.

他一接到音讯就动身了。

The moment I saw him I knew there was no hope.

我一看到他就知道没希望了。

I want to see him the minute (that) he arrives.

他一来到我就要见他。

The instant he opened the door he saw the thief.

他一开门就看见了这个贼。

Immediately he came I told him the news.

他一来我就把音讯告知了他。

once he arrives, we can start.

他一来咱们就能够开端。

We had no sooner set out than it began to rain.

咱们刚动身就下雨了。

She had hardly arrived when it began to snow.

她刚到就下起雪来了。

3. 含有time的连词

这类连词首要有every time(每次)，each time(每次)，(the) next time(下次)，any time(随时)，(the) last time(前次)，the first time(第一次), by the time(当……的时分)。

You can call me any time you want to.

你随时都能够给我打电话。

Each time I went there, I saw him working.

我每次去那儿都看见他在作业。

Every time I see her I'll think of it.

每次我看到她，我就想起这事。

Next time you come in, please close the door.

下次你进来，请关门。

He didn't tell me the last time I saw him.

我前次见到他时他没告知我。

The first time I heard about the firm closing down was when George told me.

我开端听到公司关闭的音讯是乔治告知我的。

By the time he was taken to the hospital he was nearly dead.

他被送到医院时现已简直不行了。

留意：every time, each time, any time前不必冠词，(the) next time, (the) last time中的冠词能够省掉，而the first time中的冠词一般不能省掉。

when, while 和 as 引导时刻状语从句的用法

一、when 的用法

假如只从现象来看，when 从句用的最多的是一般曩昔时，而主句的时态没有约束,依据具体状况而定。

1. When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas.

他小时分就常常实验一些新的想象。

2. When she came into my room, I was just reading a book.

她走进我房间时，我正在看书。

3. Were you writing when the teacher came in?

教师进来的时分，你在写信吗?

4. Sorry, I was out when you called me.

对不住，你打电话来的时分我出去了。

5. He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door.

他正要走，这时有人敲门。

6. I thought of it just when you opened your mouth.

就在你要说话的时分，我也想到了。

依据以上的例句，咱们咱们能够总结出一点：when 从句的A作业，相当于另一个作业B发作的时刻点。也便是说，when 从句的要害不在动作自身发作的状况，而仅仅把它作为一个时刻点，所以when 大都状况下用的是一般曩昔时，则不必正在进行时。由于假如用正在进行时，它表明的便是一段时刻而不是一个时刻点了。

依据这一点，有的文章弥补说：when 从句的动词大多是瞬时动词。这种说法也能够参照。

实际上，when 从句也能够有其它的时态，但简直也不必进行时，由于它也仅仅作为一个时刻参照点。：

1. When I got to the airport, the guests had left.

当我赶到飞机场时，客人们现已脱离了。

2. When he had finished his homework, he took a short rest.

当他完结作业后，他歇息了一瞬间。

3. Why do you want a new job when you have got such a good one already?

你现已找到如此好的作业，为何还想再找新的?

4. You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it.

在我读完这本书后，你能够借阅。

二、while 的用法

比较于when 来说，while 从句的侧要害就不相同了。while 从句的侧要害在于描绘动作正在发作的状况，它的意思是：当while 作业正在发作的时分，另一件事怎么怎么。所以，while 从句一般用的是正在进行时。而另一件事的状况没有硬性的要求，依据具体状况而定。

1. While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.

当妻子正在看报纸的时分，我正在看电视。

2. While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him.

合理吉姆修自行车时，林涛来看他。

3. While they were talking, the bell rang.

正在他们说话的时分，上课铃响了。

4. You can’t do your homework while you’re watching TV.

你不能一边看电视一边做家庭作业。

5. While John was sitting biting his nails, I was working out a plan to get us home.

约翰坐在那里咬指甲时，我正在拟定一个回家的方案。

从时刻的视点来看，while 表明的是一段时刻，是一个进程。这是while 的侧要害。因而，假如含有“一段时刻”的含义的时分，就能够用while。

6. Strike while the iron is hot.

抓住时机。

这句话中，是说趁着铁是热的这段时刻，赶忙打铁。假如换成 when 意思就变了，相当于说铁只热了一下，打一下，然后铁就冷了。这明显不符合辞意。

I'm going to the post office.

While you're there, can you get me some stamps?

三、as 的用法

as 从句表明的也是一件作业正在发作，另一件事也正在进行傍边。但与 while 从句不同的是，as 从句用的一般不必正在进行时，而仅仅一般曩昔时。as 从句一般能够翻译成“边……边……”。

1. As my mother sang those old songs, tears ran down her cheeks.

当我妈妈唱起那些老歌时，眼泪顺着她的脸颊流了下来。

2. The students took notes as they listened.

学生们边听课边做笔记。

3. As we talked on, he got more and more excited.

咱们持续往下谈的时分，他越来越振奋。

4. The little girls sang as they went.

小姑娘们一边走，一边唱。

as 表达的作业，往往仅仅主句动作发作的布景或条件时，as 仅仅一个非有必要的时刻说明，不像while 从句有着重 while 动作自身的意思。因而，as 常常翻译成“跟着……”之意。

1. As the time went on，the weather got worse.

跟着时刻的推移，气候愈加糟糕。

2. The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases.

跟着高度的增加，大气越来越淡薄。

3. As years go by，China is getting stronger and richer.

跟着时刻一年一年曩昔，我国变得越来越富强了。

when, while, as 的交换

假如从句动作和主句动作同时发作，而且从句动作为延续性动词时，when，while，as 能够交换运用。

1. When /While /As we were dancing, a stranger came in.

当咱们跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。 （dance 为延续性动词）

2. When /While /As she was making a phone call, I was writing a letter.

当她在打电话时，我正在写信。[make为延续性动词]

3. While/When/ As I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the bank.

我顺着马路往前走时，发现银行门前停着一辆警车。

比较while, when, as

1)as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。

Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.

我刹车后，有一个人向我走来。

2)当从句的动作发作于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或 while。

When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.

干完活后，你能够歇息一下。

3)从句表明“随时刻推移”连词能用as，不必when 或while。

As the day went on, the weather got worse.

日子一天天曩昔，气候越变越坏。

before和after引导的时刻状语从句

1.before是主句动作发作在从句的前面。

留意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语，而且当before引导的从句坐落主句之后，有时译成“就，才”。

还要留意主句和从句之间的时刻联系。当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时;假如before引导的从句谓语用的是曩昔时，则主句动词多用曩昔完结时，这样以便表现动作发作的先后。

2.After表明主句动作发作在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时刻联系正好与before引导的从句相反。

It will be four days before they come back.

他们要过四天才干回来。

Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.

爱因斯坦简直把我撞倒才看到我。

My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.

我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。

They had not been married four months before they were divorced.

他们成婚还不到四个月就离婚了。

After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.

你细心考虑过今后，告知我你是怎样决议的。

After we had finished the work, we went home.

完结作业之后，咱们回家了。

(从句用曩昔完结时，主句用一般曩昔时)

比较until和till的用法

此两个连词含义相同。

必定方式表明的意思是“做某事直至某时”，动词有必要是延续性的。

否定方式表达的意思是“直至某时才做某事”。

动词为延续性或非延续性都能够。

正确运用这两个连词的要害之一就在于判别句中的动词该用必定式仍是否定式。

必定句：I slept until midnight.

我一向睡到深夜时醒了。

Wait till I call you.

等着我叫你。

(在必定句中可用before替代。例如：Let's get in the wheat before the sun sets.)

否定句：She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock.

她直到6点才到。

Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.

公共汽车停稳后再下车。

I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how.

直到你教我后，我才会做。

差异：

1)until可用于句首，而till一般不必于句首。

Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.

直到你告知我曾经，出了什么事我一点也不知道。

2)until when 疑问句中，until要放在句首。

Until when are you staying?

Until next Monday.

你呆到何时?

呆到下周一。

留意：否定句可用别的两种句式表明。

3)Not until…在句首，主句用倒装。

Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.

直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热为何物。

Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.

直到作业，才知道到我已蹉跎了许多年月。

4)It is not until… that….

It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted.

巧辨before和until

在日常英语教学中，咱们遇到学生问这样的一些问题：

1.He will spend six hours at his desk____he finishes his composition.

A.before B.until C.after D.when

2.The bike hit the tree____I could get off.

A.when B.before C.while D.until

3.I knocked at the door for more than five minutes____Mrs white answered it.

A.until B.when C.after D.before

4.It was____yesterday____be____the secret.

A.not until;that;knew B.until;when;knew

C.not before;that;found D.before;that;didn't find

怎样才干清楚地解说其挑选的原因，这就涉及到until与before的差异问题。

实际上，只需咱们把握住两者运用时自身的含义及主句动词是停止性的，仍是延续性的，必定式，仍是否定式两大点，就能容易地处理这类问题。

现具体说明如下：

一、在下列状况下，两者可交换用，但含义略有不同。

before表明“在……之前”的意思，强 调时刻先后联系;

而until表明“直到……才”的意思，主句是必定句则表明主句动作的停止时刻;主句是否定句则着重主句动作的开端时刻。

1.主句为否定式停止性谓语动词。常见的动词open,start,leave,arrive,finish, stop等。

(1)The noise of the street didn't stop until/before it was midnight.

(2)The children won't come back until/before it is dark.

(3)I didn't leave the lovely boy until/before his mother came home.

2.主句为必定式、延续性谓语词，这类动词用stand,stay,talk,be,wait等。

(1)He lived with his parents until/before he graduated from school.

(2)I will wait until/before he comes to my help.

(3)I shall stay heer until/before you come back.

二、在下列状况下，用before不必until。

1.主句这必定式、停止性谓语动词，只用before。

(1)He fell asleep before I could take off his clothes.

(2)We arrived there before it atarted to rain.

(3)The holiday came to the end befor I knew it.

(4)He almost knocked me down before he saw me.

2.主句谓语动词着重动词的缓慢性，只用before，常伴有时刻段状语或时刻段暗示。

(1)It was quite some time before he found the elephant at all.

(2)We had walked a long way before we found some water.

(3)We had sailed for two days before we saw the land.

(4)The fire lasted about four hours before the firefighters could countrol it.

(5)It was midnight before my brother came home.

3.假如着重从句谓语动作未发作，就发作主句谓语动作，只用before。常译为“未及”，“不”或“不等……就”。

(1)We can leave early in the morning before it gets too hot.

(2)I must write it down before I forget it.

(3)We do want to buy something now before prices go up.

4.表“与其说……倒不如”，“与其……毋宁……”只用before。

(1)I would give up my job before I'd agree to be dismissed.

(2)He will die of hunger before he will steal.

5.在某些特定句型顶用before。

(1)It was not long before the whole country rose up.

(2)It will probably not be long before they understand each other.

三、下列状况一般差异用until

1.主句是持续性谓语动词时，必定、否定都能够，但含义彻底不同。必定表动作停止，而否定表动作开端。

(1)We discussed the problem until/before he came back.

咱们一向评论到他回来。

(2)We didn't discuss the problem until he came back.

咱们一向比及他回来后才评论问题。

2.not…until句型虽然在某些状况下可与before交换用，但在着重句中一般仍用until。

(1)It was not until he told me that I knew it.

(2)It was not until he finished his homework that he went home.

综上所述，前面的4条挑选题中，第1、3题着重动作发作的缓慢性应选before。第2题表动作未及发作就发作主句动作也应选before。第4题为着重句应选A项。

其他时刻状语从句的用法

1.由since引导的时刻状语从句。

since引导的从句的谓语动词能够是延续性的动词，又能够是瞬时动词。正常的状况下，从句谓语动词用一般曩昔时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完结时。但在It is +时刻+since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。

I have been in Beijing since you left.

自从你脱离以来，我一向在北京了。

Where have you been since I last saw you?

自前次我和你碰头今后，你到哪里去了?

It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing.

我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。

常识扩展

It is since从......以来多长时刻了(由于since +从句或名词，表明一段时刻)

It is five years since we met last time.

从咱们前次碰头现已五年了。

It is +before(......才)

It was a long time before I went to sleep again.

过了很长时刻我才睡着。

It was an hour before(=until) the police arrived.

过了一个小时，差人才来。

2.由as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, 等引导的时刻状语从句，这些连词都表明“一......就”。

I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast.

吃完早饭，我当即到那里去。

The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.

我一听到音讯，立刻赶到了出事地址。

As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up.

我一到加拿大，就给你来电话。

3.由by the time引导的时刻状语从句。

留意时态的改变：在正常的状况下，假如从句的谓语动词用一般曩昔时，主句的谓语动词用曩昔完结时;假如主句的谓语动词用一般现在时，主句的谓语动词用将来完结时。

By the time you came back, I had finished this book.

到你回来时，我现已写完这本书了。

By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work.

你明日来这儿的时分，我将现已完结此作业了。

时态问题

在状语从句中，有“主将从现”的规则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表明将来时。

留意：

when 、while 、as 、after、 before、 as soon as、 since、 till /until 、by the time

在时刻状语从句中，要留意时态共同。一般状况下主句是将来时的时分，从句要用一般现在时。

I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.

我到北京就将给你打电话。

(这是由as soon as引导的时刻状语从句，从句中的谓语动词arrive是一般现在时，表明一般将来时，决不可用will arrive)

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